The West Rail line (Chinese: 西鐵綫) was a rapid transit line that formed part of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system in Hong Kong until 27 June Coloured magenta on the MTR map, the line ran from Tuen Mun to Hung Hom, with a total length of kilometres ( mi), in 37 minutes. The railway connected the urban area of Kowloon and the new towns of Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai and However, the triangulation research definition is quite different. It is the method used by qualitative researchers which combine several research methods to check and establish the validity and reliability of data. This method enriches research because it provides various data to explain or support a phenomenon of interest Mla research paper a call to action, popular academic essay writers sites online, esl college custom essay topic essay on behaviour masscomm thesis cheap report ghostwriters sites for college: engineering supervisor resume examples research question topics for research papers dissertation projects on marketing research proposal apa format in
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The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre BARC formerly known as Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay is India 's premier nuclear research facility, a research proposal cctv, headquartered in TrombayMumbaia research proposal cctv, Maharashtra. Founded by Homi Jehangir Bhabha Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay AEET in January as a multidisciplinary research program essential for the india's nuclear program, a research proposal cctv.
It operates under the Department of Atomic Energy DAE which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India. BARC's core mandate is to sustain peaceful applications of nuclear energy.
It manages all facets of nuclear power generationfrom the theoretical design of reactors to, computer modeling and simulation, risk analysisdevelopment and testing of new reactor fuel, materials, etc. It also researches spent fuel processing and safe disposal of nuclear waste. Its other research focus areas are applications for isotopes in industries, Radiation Technologies and their application to health, food and medicine, agriculture and environment, a research proposal cctv and Laser Technology, electronicsinstrumentation and reactor control and Material Scienceenvironment and radiation monitoring etc.
BARC operates a number of research reactors across the country. Its primary facilities are in Trombaynew facilities are coming up in Challakere located in Chitradurga district in Karnataka along with Special Mineral Enrichment Facility which focuses on enrichment of uranium fuel and in Atchutapuram near Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh for supporting India's nuclear submarine program and produce high specific activity radioisotopes for extensive research.
The Government of India created the Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay AEET with Homi J. Bhabha as the founding director on 3 January It was established to consolidate all the research and development activities for nuclear reactors and technology under the Atomic Energy Commission. All scientists and engineers engaged in the fields of reactor designing and development, instrumentationmetallurgyand material scienceetc, a research proposal cctv.
After Homi Jehangir Bhabha's death inwho is also known as the "Father of Indian Nuclear Programme", the centre was renamed as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre on 22 January The first reactors at BARC and its affiliated power generation centres were imported from the west. India's first power reactors, installed at the Tarapur Atomic Power Station were from the United States.
The primary importance of BARC is as a research centre. The BARC and the Indian government has consistently maintained that the reactors are used for this purpose only: Apsara ; named by the then Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru when he likened the blue Cerenkov radiation to the beauty of the ApsarasCIRUS ; the "Canada-India Reactor" with assistance from the USthe now-defunct ZERLINA ; Zero Energy Reactor for Lattice Investigations and Neutron AssayPurnima IPurnima IIa research proposal cctv, DhruvaPurnima IIIand KAMINI.
Apsara was India's first nuclear reactor built at BARC in to conduct basic research in nuclear physics. It is 1 MWTh light water cooled and moderated swimming pool type thermal reactor that went critical on August 4, and is a research proposal cctv for production of isotopesbasic nuclear research, shielding experiments, neutron activation analysis, neutron a research proposal cctv and testing of neutron detectors, a research proposal cctv.
It was shutdown permanently in and replaced with Apsara-U. Purnima-I is a Plutonium oxide fuelled 1 MWTh pulsed-fast reactor that was built starting in and went critical on May 18, to primarily support the validation of design parameters for development of Plutonium powered nuclear weapons.
On the twentieth anniversary of the Pokhran nuclear test, Purnima's designer, P. Iyengarreflected on the reactor's critical role: " Purnima was a novel device, built with about 20 kg of plutonium, a variable geometry of reflectors, and a unique control system.
This gave considerable experience and helped to benchmark calculations regarding the behaviour of a chain-reacting system made out of plutonium.
The kinetic behaviour of the system just above critical could be well studied. Very clever physicists could then calculate the time behaviour of the core of a bomb on isotropic compression. What the critical parameters would be, how to achieve optimum explosive power, and its dependence on the first self sustaining neutron trigger, were all investigated". It was decommisioned in Along with DRDO and other agencies and laboratories BARC also played an essential and important role in nuclear weapons technology and research.
The plutonium used in India's Smiling Buddha nuclear test came from CIRUS, a research proposal cctv. In the head of this entire nuclear bomb project was the director of the BARC, Raja Ramanna, a research proposal cctv. The neutron initiator was a research proposal cctv the polonium—beryllium type and code-named Flower was developed by BARC, a research proposal cctv. The entire nuclear bomb was engineered and finally assembled by Indian engineers at Trombay before transportation to the test site.
The test and the tests that followed gave Indian scientists the technological know-how and confidence not only to develop nuclear fuel for future reactors to be used in power generation and research but also the capacity to refine the same fuel into weapons-grade fuel to be used in the a research proposal cctv of nuclear weapons. BARC was also involved in the Pokhran-II series of five nuclear test conducted at Pokhran Test Range in May It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted after Smiling Buddha by India.
The then Chairman of the Indian Atomic Energy Commission described each one of the explosions of Pokhran-II to be "equivalent to several tests carried out by other nuclear weapon states over decades". The scientists and engineers of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre BARCthe Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research AMDERand the Defence Research and Development Organisation DRDO were involved in the nuclear weapon assembly, layout, detonation and data collection.
On 3 June BARC got hacked by hacktivist group milw0rmconsisting hackers from the United States, United Kingdom and New Zealand. They downloaded classified information, defaced the website and deleted data from servers. BARC also designed a class of Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor IPHWR Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactorthe baseline MWe design was developed from the canadian CANDU reactor. The design was later expanded into MW and MW designs.
The IPHWR Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor was the first in class series of Indian pressurized heavy-water reactor designed by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. It is a Generation II reactor developed from earlier CANDU based RAPS-1 and RAPS-2 reactors built at Rawatbhata, Rajasthan.
Currently there are 14 units operational at various locations in India. Upon completion of the design of IPHWR, a larger MWe design was started around under the aegis of BARC in partnership with NPCIL. The IPHWR design was later upgraded to a MWe with the main objective to improve fuel efficiency and develop a standardized design to be installed at many locations across India as a fleet-mode effort.
Apart from its primary facility at Trombay, new facilities and campuses of BARC is coming up in atchutapuram near visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh and in challakere in chitradurga district in Karnataka. The new facility in atchutapuram near visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh will come up in a land area of acres, which will be three times the size of the Trombay facility.
BARC will be setting 30 MW special research reactor using an enriched uranium fuel at visakhapatnam to meet the demand for high specific activity radio isotopes and carry out extensive research and development in nuclear sector. The site will also support the nuclear submarine program. Special Mineral Enrichment Facility will complement Rattehalli Rare Materials Plant RMP. Several research organizations such as IISc, DRDO and ISRO have also set up their establishments here.
BARC also designed and built India's first Pressurised water reactor at Kalpakkama 80MW land based prototype of INS Arihant a research proposal cctv nuclear power unit, [9] as well as the Arihant's main propulsion reactor. BARC also developed stabilization systems for Seekers, Antenna Units for India's multirole fighter HAL Tejas and contributed to Chandrayaan-I and Mangalyaan missions.
BARC has contributed for collaboration with various mega science projects of National and International repute viz. CERN LHCIndia-based Neutrino Observatory INOITERLow Energy High Intensity Proton Accelerator LEHIPA a research proposal cctv, Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIRMajor Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope A research proposal cctva research proposal cctv, etc.
When Homi Jehangir Bhabha was working at the Indian Institute of Sciencethere was no institute in India which had the necessary facilities for original work in nuclear physicscosmic rayshigh energy physicsa research proposal cctv, and other frontiers of knowledge in physics. This prompted him to send a proposal in March to the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust a research proposal cctv establishing 'a vigorous school of research in fundamental physics'.
In his proposal he wrote:. There is at the moment in India no big school of research in the fundamental problems of physics, a research proposal cctv, both theoretical and experimental.
There are, however, scattered all over India competent workers who are not doing as good work as they would do if brought together in one place under proper direction. It is absolutely in the interest of India to have a vigorous school of research in fundamental physics, for such a school forms the spearhead of research not only in less advanced branches of physics but also in problems of immediate practical application in industry.
If much of the applied research done in India today is disappointing or of very inferior quality it is entirely due to the absence of sufficient number of outstanding pure research workers who would set the standard of good research and act on the directing boards in an advisory capacity Moreover, when nuclear energy has been successfully applied for power production in say a couple of decades from now, India will not have to look abroad a research proposal cctv its experts but will find them ready at hand.
I do not think that anyone acquainted with scientific development in other countries would deny the need in India for such a school as I propose.
The subjects on which research and advanced teaching would be done would be theoretical physics, especially on fundamental problems and with special reference to cosmic rays and nuclear physics, and experimental research on cosmic rays.
It is neither possible nor desirable to separate nuclear physics from cosmic rays since the two are closely connected theoretically. When Bhabha realised that technology development for the atomic energy programme could no longer be carried out within TIFR he proposed to the government to build a new laboratory entirely devoted to this purpose. For this purpose, acres of land was acquired at Trombay from the Bombay Government. Thus the Atomic Energy Establishment Trombay AEET started functioning in The same a research proposal cctv the Department of Atomic Energy DAE was also established.
Bhabha a research proposal cctv the BARC Training School to cater to the manpower needs of the expanding atomic energy research and development program.
BARC conducts extensive and advanced research and development covering the entire spectrum of nuclear science, chemical engineering, material sciences and metallurgy, electronics instrumentation, biology and medicine, advance computing, high-energy plasma physics and associated research for Indian nuclear program and related areas.
The few are:. India has a unique position in the world, in terms of availability of nuclear fuel resource. It has a limited resource of uranium but a large resource of thorium. Studies have been carried out on all aspects of thorium fuel cycle - mining and extractionfuel fabrication, utilisation in different reactor systems, evaluation of its various properties and irradiation behaviour, a research proposal cctv and recycling.
IREL has produced several tonnes of nuclear grade thoria powder The fabrication of thoria based fuel by powder-pellet method is well established. Few tonnes of thoria fuel have been fabricated at BARC and NFC for various irradiations in research and power reactors.
Studies have been carried out regarding use of thorium in different types of reactors with respect to fuel management, reactor control and fuel utilisation. A Critical Facility has been constructed and is being used for carrying out experiments with thoria based fuels.
Thoria based fuel irradiations have been carried out in our research and power reactors. Thoria fuel rods in the reflector region of research reactor CIRUS. Thoria fuel assemblies as reactivity load in research reactor Dhruva. Thoria fuel bundles for flux flattening in the Initial Core of PHWRs. Thoria blanket assemblies in FBTR. Th-Pu MOX fuel pins of BWR, PHWR and AHWR design in research reactors CIRUS and Dhruva, a research proposal cctv.
Post-irradiation examinations have been carried out on the irradiated PHWR thoria fuel bundles and Th-Pu MOX fuel pins. Thermo-physical and thermodynamic properties have been evaluated for the thoria based fuels. Thoria fuel rods irradiated in CIRUS have been reprocessed at Uranium Thorium Separation Facility UTSF BARC.
The recovered U has been fabricated as fuel for KAMINI reactor, a research proposal cctv. Thoria blanket assemblies irradiated in FBTR have been reprocessed at IGCAR. The recovered U has been used for experimental irradiation of PFBR type fuel assembly in FBTR. Thoria fuel bundles irradiated in PHWRs will be reprocessed in Power Reactor Thorium Reprocessing Facility PRTRF.
The recovered U will be used for reactor physics experiments in AHWR-Critical Facility. Advanced reactors AHWR and AHWRLEU have been designed at BARC to provide impetus to the large-scale utilisation of thorium. After certain energy utilization, known as burn-up a legacy of thermal power is reached, nuclear fuel in a reactor is replaced by fresh fuel so that fission chain reactions can sustain and desired power output can be maintained.
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Mixed methods research proposal! Best cover letter ghostwriter site uk, top thesis proposal ghostwriting website for masters. Business plan of cyber cafe resume da novela passione quotes mla format research paper, free sample resume for assembly line worker mba leadership essay tips order journalism dissertation hypothesis Mla research paper a call to action, popular academic essay writers sites online, esl college custom essay topic essay on behaviour masscomm thesis cheap report ghostwriters sites for college: engineering supervisor resume examples research question topics for research papers dissertation projects on marketing research proposal apa format in The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) formerly known as Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay is India's premier nuclear research facility, headquartered in Trombay, Mumbai, blogger.comd by Homi Jehangir Bhabha Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay (AEET) in January as a multidisciplinary research program essential for the india's nuclear program
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